建筑工程招标采购
What is Construction Procurement?
The term encompasses the purchase of construction-related services with the ultimate aim of:
- the creation of a new building or structure, including all associated site works
- alteration, refurbishment, maintenance, extension or demolition of an existing building or structure
To obtain the best service and performance from the construction industry, the Client should be closely involved at each step in the process. Successful construction procurement should result in a project delivered on time, to cost and to the desired quality capable of performing the specific business function of that client. The procurement process involves a wide range of skills for which training and development may be required.
What are the essential requirements?
In the case of construction projects, the quality aspect of Value for Money ( VFM) relates both to the functionality and build quality of the finished building/structure, and to the quality of service provided by the various consultants and contractors engaged by the Client. The former may include several factors such as design aesthetics; appropriateness and sensitivity to surroundings; ease of maintenance; adaptation to suit future client requirements; and impact on the wider environment. The latter should take account of the particular abilities, skills and strengths of potential service providers, including their aptitude for providing innovative solutions and for working effectively alongside the Client and other team members. (For further information on the VFM framework for construction projects, see Section 2 of the Construction Works Procurement Guidance; Section 3 of the Guidance provides further details on appointment processes).
建筑工程投标
Construction bidding is the process of submitting a proposal (tender) to undertake, or manage the undertaking of a construction project. The process starts with a construction estimate from blueprints and take offs.
The tender is treated as an offer to do the work for a certain amount of money (firm price), or a certain amount of profit (cost reimbursement or cost plus). The tender which is submitted by the competing firms is generally based on a bill of quantities, a bill of approximate quantities or other specifications which enable the tenders attain higher levels of accuracy, the statement of work.
For instance, a bill of quantities is a list of all the materials (and other work such as amount of excavation) of a project which have sufficient detail to obtain a realistic cost, or rate per described item of work/material. The tenders should not only show the unit cost per material/work, but should also if possible, break it down to labour, plant and material costs. In this way the individual who is selecting the tender will be quite confident that the tender is feasible. Bids are not only chosen on cost alone. Sometimes contractors submit lower tenders to win the contract and win the work. Either the costs that the contractor incurs is greater than the price he is charging the client (as a consequence of a lower tender determining the contract sum), and thus is likely to go insolvent, or he will claim for "loss and/or expense" due to discrepancies in the contract documents (this can be done deliberately). The lowest tender is not always a feasible tender. The lowest tender is the most likely to increase the contract sum, the most throughout the course of the project.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Construction_bidding
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